Plant Nutrition – Photosynthesis | Nitrogen Cycle, Fixation
Nutrition in Plants Nutrition is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilization by the body. The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from…
Plant Tissue – Meristematic – Simple, Complex Permanent Tissue
Plant Tissues Plants are stationary or fixed – they don’t move. Most of the tissues they have are supportive, which provides them with structural strength. Most of the plant tissues…
Plants with Seeds – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Phanerogams – Plants with Seeds Plants with well differentiated reproductive tissues that ultimately make seeds are called phanerogams. Seeds are the result of the reproductive process. They consist of the embryo…
Plant Kingdom – Thallophytes (Algae) – Bryophytes – Pteridophytes
Plantae Classification among plants depends on whether the plant body has well differentiated, distinct components, whether the differentiated plant body has special tissues for the transport of water and other…
Plant Parts and Their Functions
Plant Parts and Their Functions – Structural Organization in Plants The Root The main functions of the root system are absorption of water and minerals from the soil, providing a…
Five Kingdom Classification of Plants and Animals
Biological Classification of Plants and Animals Biological classification of plants and animals was first proposed by Aristotle on the basis of simple morphological characters. Linnaeus later classified all living organisms into two kingdoms…
Biological Classification
Biodiversity Classification of life forms will be closely related to their evolution. Charles Darwin first described this idea of evolution in 1859 in his book, The Origin of Species. The number of species that…
Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth
Origin Of Life on Earth The universe is very old – almost 13 billion years old. Huge clusters of galaxies comprise the universe. The Big Bang theory attempts to explain to us the origin of universe.…
Excretory System & Kidney
Excretory System When our cells perform their functions, certain waste products are released in to the blood stream. These are toxic and hence need to be removed from the body. The process…
Circulatory System & Double Circulation
Circulatory System The English physician, William Harvey (A.D.1578–1657), discovered the circulation of blood. The circulatory patterns are of two types – open or closed. Open circulatory system is present in arthropods and molluscs in which blood pumped by the heart…
Blood & Blood Groups
Blood It transports substances like digested food from the small intestine to the other parts of the body. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body.…
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse The drugs, which are commonly abused are opioids, cannabinoids and coca alkaloids. Majority of these are obtained from flowering plants. Some are obtained from fungi. Opioids are the drugs, which bind…
Cancer & Causes of Cancer
Cancer Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of human beings and is a major cause of death all over the globe. More than a million Indians suffer from…
AIDS – Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS – Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome The word AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. This means deficiency of immune system, acquired during the lifetime of an individual indicating that it is…
Mitosis | Cell Cycle | Cell Division
Mitosis | Cell Cycle | Cell Division Cell Cycle and Cell Division During the division of a cell, DNA replication and cell growth takes place. All these processes, i.e., cell division,…
Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA
Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA Nucleus Nucleus contains thread-like structures called chromosomes [long continuous molecule of DNA]. These carry genes and help in inheritance or transfer of characters from the parents to the offspring. The…
Muscular and Skeletal System
Muscular and Skeletal System Types of Movements Voluntary movements are called locomotion. Walking, running, climbing, flying, swimming are all some forms of locomotory movements. Cells of the human body exhibit…
Human Neural System | Human Brain
Human Neural System | Human Brain Neural Control and Coordination As you know, the functions of the organs/organ systems in our body must be coordinated to maintain homeostasis [the maintenance of a…
Endocrine Glands and Hormones
Endocrine Glands and Harmones Endocrine Glands and Hormones Endocrine glands lack ducts and are hence, called ductless glands. Their secretions are called hormones. Hormone is a chemical produced by endocrine glands and…
Respiratory System
Respiratory System Respiration – Breathing and Exchange of Gases Oxygen (O2) is utilized by the organisms to indirectly break down nutrient molecules like glucose and to derive energy for performing…