Editorials & Articles Analysis – 13th Feb 2024

Context

The article underscores India’s dedication to gender equality and inclusion, showcasing initiatives like the G-20 Leaders’ Declaration and the Alliance for Global Good, emphasizing global collaboration for women-led development.

1. G-20 Leaders’ Declaration:

• • Equality and inclusion are crucial for India’s development journey.
  • The New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration at the G-20 under India’s presidency emphasizes the commitment to prioritizing inclusion in various focus areas.

2. Gender Equity Mission at the World Economic Forum:

• • India launches the ‘Alliance for Global Good – Gender Equity and Equality’ at the World Economic Forum in January.
  • A multi-stakeholder initiative to accelerate socio-economic causes globally, transitioning equity and equality into working agendas.

3. Governance Initiatives:

• • The Women’s Reservation Bill passed, ensuring one-third of seats for women in Parliament and State Assemblies.
  • Allocations of nearly $27 billion under the gender budget in 2023-24 demonstrate government commitment to women-led development.

4. Empowering Women in Various Sectors:

• • Female labor force participation rate increases from 23.3% in 2017-18 to 37% in 2022-23.
  • Female enrollment in higher education rises by 28% in the last decade, with 43% in STEM courses.
  • Over nine crore women participate in 83 lakh self-help groups in rural India.

5. Recognition at Global Forums:

• • Global leaders acknowledge India’s success stories in space exploration, sports, entrepreneurship, and UN peacekeeping operations.
  • We-Lead Lounge at Davos gains global interest, providing a platform for meaningful deliberations.

6. Alliance for Global Good – Gender Equity and Equality:

• • Anchored by the CII Centre for Women Leadership, guided by the Minister of Women and Child Development, supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
  • World Economic Forum as a network partner highlights global relevance and commitment to inclusive growth.

7. Objectives and Focus Areas:

• • The Alliance aims to develop scalable solutions in ed-tech, medical capacity building, health interventions, learning and skill development, agrotech, women enterprise development, and unlocking capital for gender outcomes.
  • India’s leadership in pharmaceuticals and digital prowess align with the Alliance’s goals.

8. Industry Opportunities:

• • Global industry has an opportunity to share practices, invest in proven programs, and make inclusion a business conversation.
  • Collaborative efforts can advance women’s engagement and leadership through increased access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities.

9. India’s Commitment to Global Good:

• • Emphasises India’s commitment to ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – One Earth, One Family, One Future’ and the principle of Sabka Saath, Sabka Prayaas, Sabka Vikaas.
  • The Alliance for Global Good is positioned to be a significant force on all gender-related issues globally.

10. Conclusion:

• • In conclusion, India’s steadfast commitment to gender equity, exemplified by initiatives like the Alliance for Global Good, reflects a transformative vision for inclusive development.
  • Through global collaboration, India aims to lead the charge towards a more equitable and empowered future.

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Gandhi’s Ram is not in the Ram Mandir

Context

The article delves into Mahatma Gandhi’s spiritual connection with Lord Ram, his approach to religion in politics, and the universal aspect of his vision, contrasting it with present-day dynamics.

1. Influence of Lord Ram on Gandhi:

• Gandhi had a deep connection with Lord Ram since childhood, influenced by the Vaishnava faith.
• His nurse, Rambha, introduced him to the remedy of repeating Rama-nama, shaping his spirituality.

2. Gandhi’s Religious Approach in Politics:

• Gandhi brought religion into politics, rooted in spirituality.
• He aimed to make politics religious and religion practical, emphasizing karma yoga and social action.

3. Purification of Politics and Reform of Religion:

• Gandhi worked towards purifying politics and reforming formal religion.
• He redefined the significance of Rama, Rama-nama, and Ramarajya in his discourse.

4. Gandhi’s Journey of Self-Purification:

• Gandhi continuously chanted Rama-nama for self-purification.
• He saw the importance of action (deed) over mere darshan (temple worship).

5. Gandhi’s Perspective on Temple Worship:

• Gandhi responded to questions about temple worship of Rama, acknowledging the simplicity of faith.
• He believed Rama resides within, and simple faith should be respected.

6. Rama in Gandhi’s Prayers and Speeches:

• Rama, Rama-nama, and Tulsidas’s Ramcharitmanas mentioned extensively in Gandhi’s writings.
• Gandhi’s speeches highlighted the significance of Rama in his spiritual journey.

7. Universal Aspect of Rama:

• Gandhi clarified that his Rama is not a Hindu god but the eternal, unborn, and omnipresent.
• He emphasized the unity of God, acknowledging names like Allah or Khuda.

8. Gandhi’s Caution in Religious Symbols:

• Gandhi used symbols from Hindu traditions but refrained from visiting temples, mosques, and churches.
• Warned against misunderstanding his use of terms like Ramarajya, emphasizing divine rule, not Hindu dominance.

9. Gandhi’s Vision for India:

• Gandhi envisioned true democracy in Ramarajya, ensuring swift justice for every citizen.
• He saw Rama-rajya as a symbol of justice, transcending religious boundaries.

10. Present-Day Reflection:

• Critique of the politicization of religion, contrasting with Gandhi’s inclusive vision.
• Concerns about a perceived partiality in a multi-religious society, diverging from Gandhi’s principles.

11. Conclusion:

• Gandhi’s profound connection with Rama reflects a spiritual approach to politics.
• His vision of inclusivity and harmony serves as a reminder in the context of contemporary religious and political dynamics.

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A science for us

Context:

• The launch of Science for Women-A Technology & Innovation (SWATI), a portal aiming to create a comprehensive database of women in science in India, represents the latest effort by Indian science academies to address the gender gap in STEM fields.
• This initiative builds upon previous endeavors and underscores the ongoing commitment to promoting gender equity in scientific disciplines.

More about the news: Historical Initiatives and Reports:

• The foundation for addressing gender disparities in Indian science was laid two decades ago with the publication of a landmark report by the Indian National Science Academy (INSA).
• This report, supported by the government, highlighted discrimination in the workplace and proposed solutions, marking a significant departure from mainstream discourse.
• Subsequent initiatives, such as the Indian Academy of Sciences’ Lilavati’s Daughters and national conferences, furthered the dialogue on gender inequality in STEM.

Policy Proposals and Implementation Challenges:

• While policy proposals, including flexible working hours and research grants for women scientists, were announced with much fanfare, their implementation faced significant challenges.
• Promises made by policymakers often remained unfulfilled, reflecting a disconnect between policy intent and execution.
• The failure to establish effective implementation mechanisms hindered progress in addressing the root causes of gender disparities in academia.

Gendered Perceptions and Policy Implications:

• A deeper understanding of gendered perceptions revealed through sociological studies sheds light on the origins of existing policies and initiatives.
• The emphasis on “fixing” women through mentorship programs and awareness campaigns overlooks systemic barriers and places undue responsibility on female scientists.
• Addressing gender equity requires acknowledging discrimination and holding the overrepresented demographic accountable for perpetuating inequalities.

Emerging Policy Directions and Inclusive Practices:

• Newer initiatives, such as the Gender Advancement for Transforming Institutions (GATI) charter and the draft Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (STIP) 2020, adopt more progressive language and inclusive frameworks.
• These policies, informed by diverse perspectives, recognize the intersectional nature of gender disparities and strive to address the unique challenges faced by marginalized groups within the scientific community.

The Role of Inter-Academy Panels and Future Prospects:

• The launch of SWATI by a panel representing multiple scientific academies signals a renewed commitment to addressing gender disparities in Indian science.
• However, past experiences caution against complacency, highlighting the need for sustained efforts and transparent, inclusive practices.
• While the inclusion of diverse gender identities in the SWATI initiative is a positive step, ensuring accountability and effectiveness remains crucial for meaningful progress.

Conclusion:

• The launch of SWATI and the broader efforts to promote gender equity in Indian science reflect a growing recognition of the need for inclusive practices and policies.
• By addressing systemic barriers and challenging gendered perceptions, the scientific community can create a more equitable and diverse environment conducive to innovation and progress.
• Continued collaboration and transparency are essential for realizing the vision of gender equality in STEM fields.

Government of India initiatives for promoting women in science:

Women Scientist Scheme: Women Scientist Scheme aims to provide opportunities to women scientists and technologists who desire to return to mainstream science after a break in career due to social responsibilities. Knowledge Involvement in Research Advancement through Nurturing (KIRAN): Department of Science & Tech. restructured all women specific programmes under one umbrella called KIRAN. The mandate of the KIRAN programme is to bring gender parity in S&T through gender mainstreaming. S&T for women: Science and Technology for women programme was initiated in 1981–82 with the mandate to promote gender equality and empower women at grass root level with inputs of S&T through development, adaptation, adoption, transfer, demonstration of appropriate and successful technologies. Consolidation of university research for innovation and excellence in women universities’ (CURIE): KIRAN is involved in taking proactive measures through the component- CURIE, to develop state-of-the-art infrastructure in women universities to attract, train and retain promising girl students in S&T domains. Women technology parks: Through the development of women’s capacity and the adoption of regionally-specific technologies, women technology parks (WTPs) serve as a single point of convergence for a variety of technologies, resulting in the socioeconomic development of women. Training and capacity building: Several training programmes specifically for capacity building of women scientists working in various sectors covering multifarious themes are conducted in partnership with premier institutions including the National Programme for Training of Women Scientists and Technologists in the Government that provided opportunity to over 1000 women scientists to upgrade their knowledge base and skills.

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Ten years on, India and UAE

Context:

• Indian traders have historically played a significant role in the Persian Gulf region, predating the oil boom era. Their involvement ranged from investing in pearl fishery operations to supplying commodities like textiles, spices, and furniture.
• Indian entrepreneurs even introduced modern amenities like electricity to dynamic trading hubs such as Dubai, despite facing harsh living conditions.
• The influence of Indian expertise and entrepreneurship was evident across various sectors, contributing to the economic landscape of the region.

More about the news: Perception of Bilateral Relations:

• Despite the substantial presence and contributions of the Indian diaspora in the UAE, bilateral relations between India and the Emirates were perceived as lacking adequate political capital investment.
• This sentiment persisted, with the last prime ministerial visit from India occurring in 1981.
• The success of Indian entrepreneurship contrasted with perceived neglect from Indian policymakers, prompting calls for greater engagement and strategic cooperation between the two countries.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Visit:

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s historic visit to the UAE in August 2015 marked a turning point in bilateral relations.
• The warm reception from Emirati leadership and the signing of a Joint Statement signaled a commitment to elevating the relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership.
• This visit laid the groundwork for significant initiatives across various sectors, including trade, security, infrastructure, and education.

Progress and Achievements:

• Subsequent visits and agreements between India and the UAE have demonstrated tangible progress in strengthening bilateral ties.
• Initiatives such as the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), increased investment, and cooperation in areas like energy transition and education underscore the depth and breadth of the partnership.
• The establishment of an Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi campus in Abu Dhabi further solidifies collaborative efforts in education and research.

Symbolic Gestures and Community Engagement:

• Symbolic gestures, such as the allocation of land for the construction of a temple in Abu Dhabi, reflect the growing cultural and social ties between India and the UAE.
• The responsiveness of Emirati leadership to the needs and aspirations of the Indian community underscores the importance of community engagement in fostering closer relations.

Outlook and Future Prospects:

• Prime Minister Modi’s upcoming visit to the UAE reaffirms the commitment to strengthening bilateral ties and addressing remaining areas of cooperation.
• The dedication ceremony at the BAPS Hindu Temple in Abu Dhabi symbolizes the fulfillment of longstanding requests and aspirations of the Indian community.
• As both countries continue to deepen their partnership, the prospects for mutual growth and prosperity remain promising, paving the way for a flourishing relationship in the years ahead.

What are Different Challenges in India-UAE Relations?

Trade Barriers Impacting Indian Exports: Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) like Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), notably mandatory Halal certification, have impeded Indian exports, particularly in sectors such as poultry, meat, and processed foods. These barriers have led to a significant decline in processed food exports to the UAE by almost 30% in recent years, according to a report from India’s Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Chinese Economic Influence in the UAE: China’s “Cheque Book Diplomacy,” characterized by offering low-interest loans, has overshadowed Indian economic endeavors in the UAE and the broader Middle East. Data from the American Enterprise Institute’s China Global Investment Tracker reveals that China’s investments and contracts in the UAE exceeded USD 30 billion between 2005 and 2020, significantly surpassing Indian ventures in the region. Challenges of the Kafala System: The Kafala system in the UAE, which grants employers considerable power over immigrant laborers, especially those in low-wage jobs, presents significant human rights concerns. Instances of passport confiscation, delayed wages, and poor living conditions underscore the challenges faced by migrant workers under this system. Concerns Over UAE’s Financial Support to Pakistan: The UAE’s substantial financial aid to Pakistan raises apprehensions about the potential misuse of these funds, considering Pakistan’s history of sponsoring cross-border terrorism against India. For instance, in 2019, the UAE pledged USD 3 billion to bolster Pakistan’s foreign exchange reserves, raising concerns about the funds’ diversion towards activities detrimental to India’s national security. Diplomatic Balancing Act Amid Regional Conflicts: India finds itself in a delicate diplomatic position due to the ongoing conflict between Iran and Arab nations, notably the UAE. Despite U.S. sanctions on Iran, India continued to import oil from the country, accounting for approximately 10% of its total oil imports. This underscores issues in India’s need to navigate its relations with both Iran and the Arab world cautiously. Recent outbreak of war between Israel and Hamas further aggravates the challenges as it runs the proposed IMEC into rough weather.

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