Why in news?
- A massive controversy has erupted over a social media video of a parade float depicting late prime minister Indira Gandhi’s assassination in Canada.
- In 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards, months after the military operation called the Operation Bluestar.
- The parade was allegedly organised by pro-Khalistani supporters on June 4, days before the 39th anniversary of ‘Operation Bluestar’ (celebrated on June 6).
What’s in today’s article?
- Khalistan movement in Punjab
- News Summary
What is the Khalistan movement?
- About
- The Khalistan movement is a fight for a separate, sovereign Sikh state in present day Punjab (both India and Pakistan).
- The movement was crushed in India following Operation Blue Star (1984) and Operation Black Thunder (1986 and 1988).
- Operation Blue Star began on June 1, 1984 to flush out militants from the Golden Temple and neutralise Bhindranwale.
- However, it continues to evoke sympathy and support among sections of the Sikh population, especially in the Sikh diaspora in countries such as Canada, the UK, and Australia.
- Khalistan and Canada
- As per the 2021 Canadian census, Sikhs account for 2.1 per cent of Canada’s population, and are the country’s fastest growing religious group.
- After India, Canada is home to the largest population of Sikhs in the world.
- In 2002, Toronto-based Punjabi-language weekly Sanjh Savera greeted Indira’s death anniversary with a cover illustration of her murder.
- The magazine received government advertisements, and is now a prominent daily in Canada.
- Last year in Brampton – home to Canada’s largest Sikh population – a pro-Khalistan organisation known as Sikhs for Justice (SFJ) held a so-called referendum on Khalistan.
- As per the 2021 Canadian census, Sikhs account for 2.1 per cent of Canada’s population, and are the country’s fastest growing religious group.
When did the movement start and why?
- Origin lies in India’s independence and subsequent Partition along religious lines
- The Punjab province, which was divided between India and Pakistan, saw some of the worst communal violence and generated millions of refugees.
- Lahore, the capital of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s great Sikh Empire, went to Pakistan, as did holy Sikh sites including Nankana Sahib, the birthplace of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism.
- While most Sikhs found themselves in India, they were a small minority in the country, making up around 2 per cent of the population.
- Struggle for greater autonomy & States Reorganisation Commission
- The political struggle for greater autonomy began around the time of Independence, with the Punjabi Suba Movement for the creation of a Punjabi-speaking state.
- The States Reorganisation Commission, in its 1955 report, rejected this demand, but in 1966, after years of protest, the state of Punjab was reorganised to reflect the Punjabi Suba demand.
- The erstwhile Punjab state was trifurcated into the Hindi-speaking, Hindu-majority states of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, and the Punjabi-speaking, Sikh-majority Punjab.
- Anandpur Sahib Resolution
- In 1973, leaders of the Akali Dal met at the sacred town of Anandpur Sahib, the birthplace of the Khalsa.
- They released a list of demands that would guide the political path of the Akali Dal.
- Among other things, the Anandpur Sahib Resolution demanded autonomy for the state of Punjab, identified regions that would be part of a separate state, and sought the right to frame its own internal constitution.
- The Akali Dal was trying to cash in on the growing demand for an autonomous state which had emerged alongside the Punjabi Suba movement.
- This demand had gone global by 1971 — when an advertisement appeared on The New York Times proclaiming the birth of Khalistan.
- Rise of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale
- Many in Punjab sought to go beyond just a demand for greater autonomy. One such man was Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale.
- Bhindranwale was a charismatic preacher who soon positioned himself as the authentic voice of the Sikhs.
- He found a captive audience in the state’s youth, especially those in the lower rungs of the social ladder, and massed a massive following.
- By 1982, he took up residence inside the Golden Temple, directing demonstrations and clashes with the police.
- The movement was geared towards the demands first articulated in the Anandpur Sahib Resolution.
- However, amidst growing religious polarisation, sectarian violence, and Bhindranwale’s own harsh rhetoric against Hindus, the then government declared the movement tantamount to secession.
- The aftermath of Operation Blue Star
- This operation gravely wounded the Sikh community around the world. It also galvanised the demand for Khalistan.
- Punjab saw the worst violence, becoming the hub of a long drawn-out insurgency that lasted till 1995.
News Summary: Celebration of Indira Gandhi’s killing in Canada
What really happened at Canada event?
- A tableau in the 5 km-long parade seemed to celebrate the assassination of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
- A female figure was shown in a blood-stained white saree, with the hands up, as turbaned men pointed guns at her.
- A poster behind the scene read Revenge for the attack on Darbar Sahib.
India’s response
- The Indian high commission in Ottawa sent a note expressing displeasure to Global Affairs Canada, the Canadian foreign ministry.
- One cannot exceed freedom of expression like this, glorifying the assassination of the leader of a democratic nation.
- India warned Canada that giving space to separatists, extremists was not good for bilateral ties.