SSC CHSL Syllabus 2023: In order to score well in SSC CHSL 2023 exam which is to going to be held in March 2023 as announced by SSC, all candidates should be aware of the SSC CHSL syllabus and exam pattern. It is crucial to know the structure of the exam and the syllabus and subject wise topics that need to be prepared in and out. Here, we start with understanding the exam pattern and Syllabus of the SSC CHSL 2023 exam:

SSC CHSL Syllabus 2023

Staff Selection Commission has released an updated SSC CHSL Exam Pattern and Syllabus along with SSC CHSL 2022-23 Notification. The candidates must have an overview of the latest SSC CHSL Syllabus 2023 released by SSC. 

Staff Selection Commission has released an updated SSC CHSL Exam Pattern and Syllabus along with SSC CHSL 2022-23 Notification. The candidates must have an overview of the latest SSC CHSL Syllabus 2023 released by SSC. 

SSC CHSL Syllabus 2023
Commission	Staff Selection Commission (SSC)
Exam Name	SSC CHSL
SSC CHSL Exam Date 2023	March 2023
Category	Syllabus
Mode of Exam	Online
Negative Marking	Tier 1- 0.5 marks Tier 2- 1 mark
Selection Process	Tier 1 and Tier 2
Official website	www.ssc.nic.in

SSC CHSL Selection Process (Revised)

SSC CHSL exam has two different phases that candidates need to clear to get selected for various posts in the Government Offices. SSC CHSL Tier I is an Objective Multiple Choice Question paper and Tier-II will include following three sections having two modules each.

Tier	Type	Mode
Tier – I	Objective Multiple Choice	Computer Based (online)
Tier – II	Objective Multiple Choice + Skill Test & Typing Test Tier-II will include three sections having two modules each	Computer Based (online)

SSC CHSL Minimum Qualifying Marks

Minimum qualifying marks in Tier-I, Section-I, Section-II & Module-I of SectionIII of Tier-II Examination are as follows:

1. UR : 30%
2. OBC/ EWS : 25%
3. All other categories : 20%

SSC CHSL Tier-I Exam Pattern

1. The SSC CHSL Tier I exam is a computer-based online test (CBT) exam conducted online.
2. Candidates are given a total of 60 minutes to solve the SSC CHSL Tier-I paper comprising 100 questions that count to a total of 200 marks (2 marks each question).
3. For each wrong attempt, candidates are penalised with 1/2 marks in the Tier-1 exam.

Section	Subject	No of Questions	Max Marks	Exam Duration
1	General Intelligence	25	50	60 minutes (80 Minutes for PWD candidates)
2	General Awareness	25	50
3	Quantitative Aptitude (Basic Arithmetic Skill)	25	50
4	English Language (Basic Knowledge)	25	50
Total		100	200

SSC CHSL Syllabus for Tier-I Exam

SSC CHSL is conducted in three different levels, the syllabus of all three levels is different. All candidates must be well-informed about the latest changes (if introduced any) in the SSC CHSL Syllabus and exam pattern to prepare for SSC CHSL 2023.

There are 4 sections in Tier I of the SSC CHSL exam which are given below:

1. Reasoning Ability

2. Quantitative Aptitude

3. English Language

4. General Awareness

SSC CHSL Tier-I Syllabus

SSC CHSL Tier-I Syllabus comprises 4 subjects which are: English Language, Quantitative Aptitude, General Intelligence: & General Awareness. The subject wise topics for SSC CHSL 2023 Tier-I exam is given below:

General Intelligence	Quantitative Aptitude	English Language	General Awareness
Logical Reasoning	Simplification	Reading Comprehension	History
Alphanumeric Series	Profit & Loss	Cloze Test	Culture
Ranking/Direction/Alphabet Test	Mixtures & Allegations	Para jumbles	Geography
Data Sufficiency	Simple Interest & Compound Interest & Surds & Indices	Miscellaneous	Economic Scene
Coded Inequalities	Work & Time	Fill in the blanks	General Policy
Seating Arrangement	Time & Distance	Multiple Meaning/Error Spotting	Scientific Research
Puzzle	Mensuration – Cylinder, Cone, Sphere	Paragraph Completion	Awards and Honors
Tabulation	Data Interpretation	One Word Substitution	Books and Authors
Syllogism	Ratio & Proportion, Percentage	Active/Passive Voice
Blood Relations	Number Systems
Input-OutputCoding-Decoding	Sequence & Series
Coding Decoding	Permutation, Combination & Probability

The detailed SSC CHSL Syllabus for Computer Based Examination (Tier-I) is discussed below:

General Awareness Syllabus for SSC CHSL

Questions from the General Awareness section are designed to test the candidate’s general knowledge of the environment around him and its 14 applications to society. Questions are also designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of everyday observation and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of an educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighbouring countries especially pertaining to History, Culture, Geography, Economic Scene, General policy, Static Awareness, Indian GK and scientific research.

General Intelligence Syllabus for SSC CHSL

This section includes questions of both verbal and non-verbal reasoning. The questions will be asked from 

1. Semantic Analogy
2. Symbolic operations
3. Symbolic/ Number Analogy
4. Trends
5. Figural Analogy
6. Space Orientation
7. Semantic Classification
8. Venn Diagrams
9. Number Series
10. Embedded figures
11. Figural Series
12. Critical Thinking
13. Problem Solving
14. Symbolic/ Number Classification
15. Drawing inferences
16. Figural Classification
17. Punched hole/ pattern folding & unfolding
18. Semantic Series
19. Figural Pattern-folding and completion
20. Emotional Intelligence
21. Word Building, Social Intelligence
22. Coding and de-coding
23. Other sub-topics if any Numerical operations.

English Language Syllabus for SSC CHSL

The English Language questions will be asked from the following topics: 

1. Spot the Error
2. Fill in the Blanks
3. Synonyms/ Homonyms
4. Antonyms
5. Spellings/ Detecting misspelt words
6. Idioms & Phrases
7. One-word substitution
8. Improvement of Sentences
9. Active/ Passive Voice of Verbs
10. Conversion into Direct/Indirect narration
11. Shuffling of Sentence parts
12. Shuffling of Sentences in a passage
13. Cloze Passage
14. Comprehension Passage

Quantitative Aptitude Syllabus for SSC CHSL

1. Number Systems: Computation of Whole Number, Decimal and Fractions, Relationship between numbers.
2. Fundamental arithmetical operations: Percentages, Ratio and Proportion, Square roots, Averages, Interest (Simple and Compound), Profit and Loss, Discount, Partnership Business, Mixture and Allegation, Time and distance, Time and work.
3. Mensuration: Triangle, Quadrilaterals, Regular Polygons, Circle, Right Prism, Right Circular Cone, Right Circular Cylinder, Sphere, Hemispheres, Rectangular Parallelepiped, Regular Right Pyramid with triangular or square Base.
4. Algebra: Basic algebraic identities of School Algebra and Elementary surds (simple problems) and Graphs of Linear Equations.
5. Geometry: Familiarity with elementary geometric figures and facts: Triangle and its various kinds of centres, Congruence and similarity of triangles, Circle and its chords, tangents, angles subtended by chords of a circle, common tangents to two or more circles.
6. Trigonometry: Trigonometry, Trigonometric ratios, Complementary angles, Height and distances (simple problems only) Standard Identities like sin2 𝜃 + Cos2 𝜃=1 etc.
7. Statistical Charts: Use of Tables and Graphs: Histogram, Frequency polygon, Bar-diagram, Pie-chart.

SSC CHSL Syllabus: Tier II (Revised)

SSC has revised SSC CHSL Tier 2 Exam Pattern and released new syllabus which has been detailed below-

Tier-II will include following three sections having two modules each:

Section-1: Module-I: Mathematical Abilities and Module-II: Reasoning and General Intelligence.

Section-2: Module-I: English Language and Comprehension and Module-II: General Awareness

Section-3: Module-I: Computer Knowledge Test and Module-II: Skill Test/ Typing Test

Tier-2 will be conducted in two sessions – Session- 1 & Session-2, on same day. Session-I will include conducting of Section-1, Section-2 and Module-1 of Section-3. Session-2 will include conducting of Module-2 of Section-3.

Tier-2 will consist of Objective Type, Multiple choice questions, except for Module-2 of Section 3. The questions will be set in English and Hindi except for Module-2 (i.e. English Language and Comprehension module) in Section 2.

There will be negative marking of 1 mark for each wrong answer in Section-1, Section-2 and Module-I of Section-3.

SSC CHSL Tier 2 Exam Pattern 2023
Session	Section	Modules	Subject	No. of Questions	Marks	Time
Session-I (2 hours and 15 minutes)	Section 1	Module-1	Mathematical Abilities	30	90	1 hour
		Module-2	Reasoning and General Intelligence	30	90
	Section 2	Module-1	English Language and Comprehension	40	90	1 hour
		Module-2	General Awareness	20	90
	Section 3	Module-1	Computer Knowledge Module	15	45	15 minutes
Session-II (25 minutes)	Section 3	Module-2	Skill Test/ Typing Test Module- Part A- Skill Test for DEOsPart B: Typing Test for LDC/ JSA	—	—	15 minutes 10 minutes

SSC CHSL Tier-II Syllabus

Module-I of Session-I (Mathematical Abilities)

Module-I of Session-I (Mathematical Abilities)
Chapter	Topics
Number Systems	Computation of Whole Number Decimal and Fractions Relationship between numbers
Fundamental arithmetical operations	Percentages Ratio and Proportion Square roots Averages Interest (Simple and Compound) Profit and Loss Discount Partnership Business Mixture and Alligation Time and distance Time and work
Algebra	Basic algebraic identities of School Algebra and Elementary surds (simple problems) Graphs of Linear Equations
Geometry	Familiarity with elementary geometric figures and facts:  Triangle and its various kinds of centres Congruence and similarity of triangles Circle and its chords Tangents Angles subtended by chords of a circle Common tangents to two or more circles.
Mensuration	Triangle Quadrilaterals Regular Polygons Circle Right Prism Right Circular Cone Right Circular Cylinder Sphere Hemispheres Rectangular Parallelepiped Regular Right Pyramid with triangular or square Base
Trigonometry	Trigonometry Trigonometric ratios Complementary angles Height and distances (simple problems only) Standard Identities like sin2𝜃 + Cos2𝜃=1 etc.
Statistics and probability	Use of Tables and Graphs Histogram Frequency polygon Bar-diagram Pie-chart Measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode, standard deviation calculation of simple probabilities

Module-II of Section-I (Reasoning and General Intelligence)

Module-II of Section-I (Reasoning and General Intelligence):

Verbal and non-verbal type Semantic Analogy Symbolic operations Symbolic/ Number Analogy Trends, Figural Analogy Space Orientation Semantic Classification Venn Diagrams Symbolic/ Number Classification Drawing inferences Figural Classification Punched hole/ pattern-folding & unfolding Semantic Series Figural Pattern-folding and completion Number Series Embedded figures Figural Series Critical Thinking Problem Solving Emotional Intelligence Word Building Social Intelligence Coding and de-coding Numerical operations

Module-I of Section-II (English Language And Comprehension)

Module-I of Section-II (English Language And Comprehension)

Vocabulary Grammar Sentence structure Synonyms/Homonyms Antonyms Spot the Error Fill in the Blanks Spellings/ Detecting mis-spelt words Idioms & Phrases One-word substitution Improvement of Sentences Active/ Passive Voice of Verbs Conversion into Direct/ Indirect narration Shuffling of Sentence parts Shuffling of Sentences in a passage Cloze Passage Comprehension Passage

Module-II of Section-II (General Awareness)

Module-II of Section-II (General Awareness)

Questions are also designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of everyday observation  and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of an educated person.Questions relating to India and its neighbouring countries especially pertaining to History Culture Geography Economic Scene General policy Scientific research

Module-I of Section-III of Paper-I (Computer Proficiency)

Module-I of Section-III of Paper-I (Computer Proficiency)
Chapters	Topics
Computer Basics	Organization of a computer Central Processing Unit (CPU) Input/ output devices Computer memory Memory organization Back- up devices PORTs Windows Explorer Keyboard shortcuts
Software	Windows Operating system including basics of  Microsoft Office like MS word, MS Excel and Power Point etc
Working with Internet and e-mails	Web Browsing & Searching Downloading & Uploading Managing an E-mail Account e-Banking
Basics of networking and cyber security	Networking devices and protocols Network and information security threats (like hacking, virus, worms, Trojan etc.) and preventive measures.

Skill test for the post of Data Entry Operator:

In this test, a candidate should have a data entry speed of 8,000 (eight thousand) Key Depressions per hour.The duration of the Test is 15 minutes and an English document having about 2000-2200 strokes/key-depressions is given to type.

Skill test for the post of DEO in the Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (C&AG):

The ‘speed of 15000 key depressions per hour will be adjudged on the basis of the correct entry of words/key depressions as per the given passage.

The duration of the test will be for 15 minutes and printed matter in English containing about 3700-4000 key-depressions would be given to each candidate who would enter the same in the test computer.

Skill test for the post of Lower Division Clerk/ Junior Secretariat Assistant (LDS/JSA) and Postal Assistants/ Sorting Assistants (PA/SA):

The speed of 10500 key depressions per hour will be adjudged on the basis of the correct entry of words/key depressions as per the given passage.

The duration of the test will be for 15 minutes and printed matter in English containing about 9000 key-depressions/hour would be given to each candidate who would enter the same in the test computer.

Whats is Root Word ?

Many English words are formed by taking basic words and adding combinations of prefixes and suffixes to them. A basic word to which affixes (prefixes and suffixes) are added is called a root word because it forms the basis of a new word. The root word is also a word in its own right. For example, the word lovely consists of the word love and the suffix -ly.

In contrast, a root is the basis of a new word, but it does not typically form a stand-alone word on its own. For example, the word reject is made up of the prefix re- and the Latin root ject, which is not a stand-alone word.

To change the meaning of a word, a prefix can be added to the front of the word root, or a suffix can be added to the back. Quite often, a prefix and a suffix are added to a word root to change the meaning. (Prefixes and suffixes are known as affixes

Common Latin Roots
Latin Root	Definition	Examples
ambi	both	ambiguous, ambidextrous
aqua	water	aquarium, aquamarine
aud	to hear	audience, audition
bene	good	benefactor, benevolent
cent	one hundred	century, percent
circum	around	circumference, circumstance
contra/counter	against	contradict, encounter
dict	to say	dictation, dictator
duc/duct	to lead	conduct, induce
fac	to do; to make	factory, manufacture
form	shape	conform, reform
fort	strength	fortitude, fortress
fract	to break	fracture, fraction
ject	throw	projection, rejection
jud	judge	judicial, prejudice
mal	bad	malevolent, malefactor
mater	mother	material, maternity
mit	to send	transmit, admit
mort	death	mortal, mortician
multi	many	multimedia, multiple
pater	father	paternal, paternity
port	to carry	portable, transportation
rupt	to break	bankrupt, disruption
scrib/scribe	to write	inscription, prescribe
sect/sec	to cut	bisect, section
sent	to feel; to send	consent, resent
spect	to look	inspection, spectator
struct	to build	destruction, restructure
vid/vis	to see	video, televise
voc	voice; to call	vocalize, advocate

Let’s start with Root Word method:

In this, we start with the root word and then add root word to forming different meaning.

Root words

1. Thei

Thei   meaning god/religion

Ist         meaning follower

Now adding different words

• Theist meaning the one who believes in god
• Atheist meaning the one who don’t believe in god.
• Monotheist mono+theist  mono(only one) so monotheist means the one who believes in one god.
• Polytheist Ploy means many so polytheists means the one who believe in many gods.
• Pantheist Pan Mean all over so pantheist is one who believe in all gods across al religion.

2. Logy

Logy means study of something

• Theology – Teho means god or religion so theology means study of religion
• Anthropology – Anthrop means human being so anthropology means study of human being.
• Morphology – Morph means structure so morphology means study of structures.
• Anthropomorphism – Its antrop+morph+ism meaning is giving human structure to god.
• Zoomorphism – Its zo+morph+ism meaning giving animal structure to god.
• Amorpic – It’s a+morph means no particular structure.

3. Phobia

Phobia means fear or dislike

• Zoophobia – zoo+phobia means fear of animal
• Androphobia – Andro means boys/male so androphobia means the one who don’t like boys.
• Gynophobia – Gyno means girl / women so gynophobia means the one who don’t like girls
• Pedophobia – Pedo means child so pedophobia is the one who don’t like children’s.
• Demophobia – demo means people so demophobia means the one who fear of public speaking.
• Anthropophobia – anthro means human being so anthropophobia mean fear of human being or the one who don’t like the company of human being or in simple word aloof (living alone)
• Theophobia – theo+phobia means fear of religion

4. Cracy

Cracy means govt /system

• Democracy – demo+cracy means govt of people
• Autocracy – auto+cracy means dictatorship/kingship (when one person rules the whole government or system)
• Theocracy – Theo+cracy means when government is of religious people like priest, bishops etc.
• Plutocracy – Pluto means wealthy so plutocracy means when government is controlled by wealthy people like industrialist.
• Oligocracy – Oligo means selected few so oligocracy means when selected few runs the government.
• Mobocracy – Mob means crowd so mobocracy means when crowd takes over government or in other words lawlessness.
• Monarchy – monarc means top official like king so monarchy is the rule of king.
• Anarchy – means lawlessness it’s just similar to mobocracy .
• Gerontocracy – geron mean aged/ experienced so gerontocracy means when position are determined by the experience or the age.
• Meritocracy – merito means performance so meritocracy means when positon are decided by performance
• Cleptocracy – clepto means thief so cleptocracy means when government is run by thieves.
• Beaurocracy – beauro means top officials so beaurocracy means when government is run by top officials.
• Aristocracy – aristo means nobility so aristocracy means when government is run by noble families.

5. Somnia

Somnia sleepness

Insomnia means lack of sleep

• Somniferous – ferrous means things causing something so somniferous are the things that cause sleep like pills etc.
• Somnambulist – som+amb+ist here som means sleep ambu means walk so somnambulist means the one who walk while sleeping.
• Ambulant – means things able to walk
• Somniloquist – loquist means talking so somniloquist means the one who talks while sleeping.

6. Cious

Cious means to do something

• Loquacious – loquis means talking so lozuacious means the one who talks a lot
• Voracious – vora means eat so voracious means the one who eats a lot.
• Avaricious – avari means greed so avaricious means greedy
• Pugnacious – pug means fight so pugnacious means the one who fights a lot.

7. Cide

Cide meaning kill/ murder

• Infanticide – infant+cide meaning to kill child.
• uxoricide – uxor means wife so uxoricide mean A husband who murders his wife.
• Mariticide – marit means husband so maritcide mean The murder of a husband by his wife.
• Patricide – patri means father so patricide means A person who murders their father.
• Matricide – matri mean mother so matricide means A person who murders their mother.
• Fratricide – frat means brother so fratricide means A person who murders their brother.

10. Ambul

Walk,move

• Amble- to walk in a slow, relaxed way
• Ambulant- walking or moving
• Ambulance- a vehicle that moves a patient

11. Anim

Life, spirit

• Animal- a living organism;
• Animate- to make alive;
• Equanimity- of balanced spirit

12. Anti

Against, opposite of

• Antibody- a substance that destroys micro-organisms
• Antiseptic- preventing infection;
• Antisocial- opposing social norm

13. Arbour

Tree

• Arborist- someone working with trees
• Arbour- a shady area formed by trees
• Arborous- having many trees

14. Auto

Self, same, one

• Autocrat- a person who governs with absolute power
• Autograph- a person’s own signature
• Automatic- moving by itself

15. Bene

Good, well

• Benefactor- person who gives money to a cause
• Beneficial- producing a good effect
• Benevolent- showing kindness or goodwill

16. Cata

Down, against completely intensive according to

• Cataclysm- a flood or other disaster
• Catalogue- a complete listing
• Catastrophe- turning for the worst, a substantial disaster

17. Cert

Sure

• Ascertain- to find out something with certainty;
• Certain- being absolutely sure
• Certify to state that something is true

18. Circum

Around, about

• Circumnavigate- to sail around
• Circumscribe- to draw around
• Circumspect- looking around
• Circumvent- to go around or bypass restrictions;

19. Clar

Clear

• Clarification- an explanation
• Clarify- to make something clear
• wish, will to state something clearly

20. Cline

Lean

• Inclination- a leaning toward
• Incline- a surface that slopes or leans
• Recline- to lean back and relax

21. Counter

Opposite, contrary, opposing

• Counteract- to oppose the effects of an action
• Countermand- to cancel a previous order
• Counteroffensive- attack against an attack

22. Cranio

Skull

• Craniology- the study of skull characteristics;
• Cranium- skull of vertebrates
• Cranial- pertaining to the skull

23. Cred

Believe

• Credence- belief that something is true or valid;
• Credulous- believing things too easily, gullible
• Incredible- unbelievable

24. Crypto

Hidden, secret

Cryptic- of hidden meaning

Cryptography- science of secret fcodes

Encrypt- encode into secret code

25. Cumul

Mass, heap

Accumulate- to gather or pile up

Cumulative- gradually building up

26. Cycl

Circle, ring

• Bicycle- a vehicle with two wheels
• Cycle- a sequence that is repeated
• Cyclone- a storm with circling winds

27. Dia

Through, between, apart, across

• Diabetes- disease characterized by excessive thirst and discharge of urine
• Diagnosis- understanding a condition by going through a detailed review of symptoms
• Dialog- conversation between two people

28. Dict

Speak

• Contradict- to express the opposite of
• Prediction- a statement foretelling the future
• Dictate- to speak out loud for another person to write down.

29. Domin

Master

• Dominate- to be the master of
• Domineering- excessively controlling
• Predominate- to have more power than others

30. Ethno

Race, people

• Ethnic- pertaining to a defined group od people
• Ethnocentric- focusing on the ethnicity of people
• Ethnology- the science of people and races.

31. Funct

Perform, work

• Defunct- no longer working or alive
• Function- to work or perform a role normally
• Malfunction- to fail to work correctly.

32. Hetero

Different, other

• Heterogeneous- made up of unrelated parts
• Heteronyms- words with same spelling but different meanings
• Heterodox- not conforming to traditional beliefs

33. Histo

Tissue

• Histology- study of the microscopic structure of tissues
• Histochemistry- study of the chemical constitution of cells and tissues.

34. Hyper

Too much, over, excessive, beyond

• Hyperactive- very restless
• Hypercritical- too critical
• Hypertension- above normal pressure.

35. Infra

Beneath, below

Infrastructure- underlying framework of a system

Infrared- below the regular light spectrum

36. Inter

Between, among, jointly

• International- involving two or more countries
• Intersection- place where roads come together
• Intercept- to stop or interrupt the course of.

37. Junct

Join

• Conjunction- a word that joins parts of sentences
• Disjunction- a disconnection
• Junction- a place where two things join.

38. Juven

Young

• Juvenile- youthful or childish
• Rejuvenate– to bring back to youthful strength or appearance.

39. Kilo

Thousand

• Kilobyte- 1,000 bytes
• Kilometer- 1,000 meter
• Kilograms- 1,000 grams.

40. Lab

Work

• Collaborate- to work with a person
• Elaborate- to work out the details
• Laborious- requiring a lot of hard work.

41. Later

Side

• Bilateral- of or involving two sides
• Unilateral- affecting one side of something.

42. Lex

Word, law, reading

• Lexicology- the study and history of words
• Alexia- los of the ability to read
• Illegal- not authorized by the official rules or laws

43. Liber

Free

• Liberate- to set free;
• Libertine- a person with a free, wild lifestyle
• Liberty-

44. Lingu

Language, tongue

• Linguist- one who studies languages
• Multiligual- able to communicate in multiple languages
• Linguine- long flat “tongue- shapes” pasta.

45. Loc

Place

• Dislocate- to put something out of its usual place
• Location- a place
• Relocate- to move to a new place.

46. Luc

Light

• Elucidate- to explain, to throw light on
• Lucid- easily understood, giving off light
• Translucent- allowing light through

47. Lum

Light

• Illuminate- to fill with light
• Lumen- unit measuring light

48. Macro

Large, great

• Macroevolution- large scale evolution
• Macromolecule- a large molecule
• Macroeconomics- study of the overall forces of economy

49. Mand

To order

• Command- an order or instruction
• Demand- a hard-to-ignore order
• Mandate– an official order

50. Mania

Madness, insanity, excessive desire

• Bibliomania- a crazy love of books
• Egomania- a mad love of oneself
• Maniac- an insane person

51. Max

Greatest

• Maximal- the best or greatest possible
• Maximize- to make as great as possible
• Maximum- the greatest amount.

52. Medi

Middle

• Medieval- pertaining to the middle Ages
• Medium- in the middle
• Mediocre– only of medium (inferior) quality

53. Mega

Great, large, million

• Megalopolis- an area with many nearby cities
• Megaphone- a device that projects a loud voice
• Mega structure- huge building or other structure

54. Meso

Middle

• Mesoamerica- Middle America
• Meson- elementary particle with a mass between an electron and a proton

55. Meta

Change, after, beyond, between

• Metaphysics- study of nature and reality
• Metamorphosis- a complete change of form
• Metastasis- the transmission of disease to other parts of the body

56. Micro

Very small, short, minute

• Microbe- a very small living thing
• Microchip- a tiny wafer with an integrated circuit
• Microscope- a device to see very small things

57. Mid

Middle

• Midriff- the area between the chest and the waist
• Midterm- middle of a term in school
• Midway- halfway between

58. Migr

Move

• Immigrant- a person who moves to a mew country to settle
• Migrant- person who moves from place to place
• Migration- the process of moving

59. Milli

One thousandth

• Millimeter- one thousandth of ammeter
• Millibar- one thousandth of a bar
• Millitre- one thousand of a liter

60. Mob

Move

• Immobilize- to stop from moving
• Mobile- able to move freely
• Mobility- the equality of being able to move

61. Mort

Death

• Immortal- living forever, unable to die
• Mortal- certain to die
• Mortician- an undertake

62. Multi

Many, more than one or two

• Multi- coloured- having many colours
• Multimedia– using a range of media
• Multi-tasking- doing many things at once

64. Mut

Change

• Immutable- not changing
• Mutant- an organism that has undergone change
• Mutate- to undergo a change

65. Narr

Tell

• Narrate- to tell a story
• Narrative- a story
• Narrator- a person who tells a story

65. Nat

Born

• Innate- included since birth
• Natal- relating to birth
• Natural- gotten a birth, not afterward

66. Nav

Ship

• Circumnavigate- to sail around a place
• Naval- relating to a navy or warships
• Navigate- to sail a ship through a place

67.Neg

No

• Negate- to say it didn’t happen
• Negative- meaning “no”
• Renege- to go back on a promise

68. Neo

New, recent

• Neoclassic- a revival of classic form,
• Neo-colonialism- the indirect (“new”) economic and political control of a region by a more powerful foreign power
• Neonatal- a newborn child, especially first few weeks

69. Non

No, not, without

• Nondescript- with no special characteristics
• Nonfiction- true, real, not made-up
• Non- sense- without sense

70. Not

Mark

• Notable- marked as worthy of attention
• Notarize- to certify a signature on a legal document
• Annotate– to add remarks

71. Numer

Number

• Enumerate- to name a number of items on a list
• Numerology– the study of magical uses of numbers
• Numerous– a large number

72. Omni

All

• Omnipotent- with all the power
• Omniscient- knowing all things
• Omnivorous- eating all types of foods

73. Ortho

Straight

• Orthodontist- a dentist that straightens teeth
• Orthopedic- a doctor concerned with the proper alignment of the bones
• Orthography- the correct way of writing

74. Osteo

Bone

• Osteoarthritis- inflammation caused by degeneration of the joints
• Osteopathy- therapy that uses among others manipulation of the skeleton to restore health
• Osteology- the study of bones

75. Out

Goes beyond, surpasses, exceeds

• Outgoing- being of lively, sharing nature
• Outdoing- doing better than
• Outdoor- outside

76. Over

Excessive

• Overconfident- more confident than is appropriate
• Overstock- more supplies than is desirable
• Overexcited- more excited than one should be

77. Oxy

Sharp

• Oxymoron- combining two ideas that sharply contradict other
• Oxidize- corrode a surface

78. Pan

All, any, everyone

• Panacea- a cure for all diseases or problems
• Panorama- an all- around view
• Pantheism- the worship of all gods
• Pandemic- affecting all

79. Para

Besides, beyond, abnormal, assistant

• Parasite- an organism that lives on and off another living being
• Parallel- alongside and always an equal distance apart
• Paragraph- a portion of a written document that presents a distinct idea

80. Para

Protection from

Parachute- protection from failing

Parasol- an umbrella used to protect from the sun

81. Path

Feeling, emotion

• Antipathy- a feeling of great dislike
• Apathy- a lack of feeling or interest
• Empathy- ability to understand another’s feelings

82. Pel

Drive, force

Compel- to force someone to act

Expel- to drive someone out of a place

Repel- to force back

83. Per

Through, throughout

• Permanent- lasting throughout all time
• Permeate- to spread throughout
• Persist- to continue for a long time
• Perennial- lasting through many years

84. Peri

Around, enclosing

• Periodontal- pertaining to bone and tissue around a tooth
• Peripheral- lying outside of the center
• Perimeter- the outer boundary of an area

85. Phys

Nature, medicine, the body

• Physical- relating to the body
• Physician- a doctor
• Physique- nature and shape of one’s body

86. Poli

City

• Metropolis- a large city
• Politics- actions of a government or political party

87. Poly

Many, more than one

• Polychrome- with many colors
• Polyglot- a person fluent in many languages
• Polygon- shape with 3 or more straight sides

88. Pon

People

• Popular- appealing to a lot of people
• Population- all of the people who live in a particular area
• Populist- a supporter of the rights of people

89. Port

Carry

• Export- to carry goods out of a place to another
• Portable- able to be carried
• Porter- a person who carries luggage

90. Pos

Place, put

• Deposit- to place or drop something
• Expose- to place out into the open for all to see
• Position- the place where someone is

91. Post

After, behind

• Posthumous- after someone’s death
• Postpone- to get ready in advance
• Postscript- an addition to an already completed document

92. Pre

• Earlier, before, in front of
• Preamble– a part in front of a formal document
• Prepare- to get ready in advance

93. Pro

Before, in front of, for, forward

• Prognosis- a prediction of what will happen
• Prologue- a passage before the main part
• Prophet- a person who foretells the future

94. Pul

Urge

• Compulsion- a very strong urge
• Expulsion- to kick someone out
• impulsive- having a spontaneous urge to do something

95. Purg

Clean

• Purge – abolition, aspersion, catharsis, clarification, cleaning, cleanup, coup, crushing, disposal, disposition

96. Put

Think

• Computer-an electronic thinking device
• Dispute- to disagree with what another person thinks
• Input- contribution of one’s thinking

97. Quart

Fourth

• Quarter- one fourth
• Quart- a fourth of a gallon
• Quartet- a musical composition or group involving 4 voices or instruments

98. Radio

Radiation, ray

• Radioactive- emitting radiation
• Radiologist- someone diagnosing or treating via radiation

99. Retro

Backward, back

• Retroactive- relating to something in the past
• Retrogress- to go back to an earlier condition
• Retrospect- the remembering of past events

100. Rupt

Break, burst

• Bankrupt- unable to pay because you’re “broke”
• Interrupt- to break into a conversation or event, to disturb;
• Rupture- a break in something

101. San

Health

• Sane- mentally healthy
• Sanitary- relating to cleanliness and health
• Sanitation- maintenance of public health and

102. Scend

Climb, go

• Ascend- to climb upward
• Crescendo- a climbing up of the volume of music
• Descend- to go or climb down

103. Sect

Cut

• Dissect- to cut apart piece by piece
• Intersection- the place or point where two things cross each other
• Bisect- to cut into two equal parts

104. Self

Of, for, or by itself

• Self- discipline- the ability to discipline yourself
• Self- respect- respect for yourself
• Selfish- concerned only with your own interest

105. Sex

Six

• Sextet or sextets- a composition or group of six
• Sextuple- six fold
• Sexagenarian- person in his/her sixties

106. Sol

Alone

• Desolate- lonely, dismal, gloomy
• Solitary- done alone, by yourself
• Solo- a performance done by one person alone

107. Sol

Sun

• Solar- involving the sun
• Parasol- umbrella protecting from the sun
• Solarium- a room where one is exposed to sun light

108. Son

Sound

• Consonant- a speech sound
• Sonorous- producing loud, full, rich sounds

109. Soph

Wise

• Philosopher-a wise person
• Sophisticated- wise about the ways of the world
• Sophism- a clever but misleading argument

110. Sphere

Ball

• Biosphere- the whole round surface of the earth
• Hemisphere- half the earth spherically shaped like a ball

111. Spir

Breathe

• Inspire- to stimulate or animate
• Transpire- to give of vapor with waste product through the skin or a membrane
• Spirit- invisible life force

112. Sta

Stand

• Stable- standing steady and firm
• Stagnant- standing still, not moving
• Stationery- at a standstill, fixed.

113. Stell

Star

• Constellation- a group of stars that forms a pattern
• Interstellar- between the stars
• Stellar- relating to stars

114. Struct

Build

• Construct- to build
• Destruction- the act of destroying something that was built structure something built
• Infrastructure- underlying framework off a system

115. Sub

Under, lower than, inferior to

• Submarine- an underwater boat
• Submerge- to put underwater
• Substandard- inferior to accepted standards

116. Sum

Highest

• Sum- the combined total of everything
• Summation- the total, highest amount
• Summit- the highest point or top

117. Super

Higher in quality or quantity

• Super bowl- the final annual football game
• Superior- above average , better in quality
• Supersonic- faster than the speed of sound

118. techno

Technique, skill

• Technology- the practical application of knowledge
• Technocracy – rule of technology
• Technologically- characterized by technology

119. Tetra

Four

• Tetrapod- having 4 legs
• Tetrarchy- government by 4 rules
• Tetrose- a monosaccharide with four carbon atoms

120. Tort

Twist

• Contortion- a twisted shape or position
• Distort- to alter the shape or condition of
• Retort- reply in a manner that is supposed to change the effect of something previously said

121. Tox

Poison

• Detoxification- the process of removing poison
• Toxic- poisonous
• Toxicology- the study of poisons
• Intoxicated- influenced by drugs

122. Tract

Pull, drag

• Attract- to pull objects nearer
• Distract- to drag attention away from something
• Tractor- a motor vehicle that plus things

123. Trans

Across, beyond, through

• Transcontinental- across the continent
• Transfer- to move from one place to another
• Transport- to carry something across a space

124. Tri

Three, once in every three, third

• Triangle- a figure with 3 sides and 3 angles
• Triathlon– an athletic contest with 3 events
• Tricycle- a 3- wheel vehicle with pedals

125. Ultra

Beyond, extreme, more than

• Ultrahigh- extremely high
• Ultramodern- more modern than anything else
• Ultrasonic- sound waves beyond human hearing

126. Un

Not, opposite of, lacking

• Unabridged- not shortened
• Unfair- opposite of fair
• Unfriendly- lacking friendliness

127. Uni

One, single

• Unicycle- a vehicle with one wheel
• Unilateral- decided by only one person or nation
• Unique- the only one of its kind
• Unison- as one voice

128. Urb

City

• Suburb– residential area on the edge of a city
• Urban- relating to a city
• Urban ology– the study of city life

129. Vac

Empty

• Evacuate- to empty a dangerous place
• Vacant- empty, not occupied
• vacation- a time without work

130. Verb

Word

• Verbalize- to put into words
• Adverb- a word relating to a verb
• Proverb- a short saying that expresses a well-known truth

131. Vice

Acting in place of, next in rank

Vice-president- the person next in rank to the president

132. Vid

See

• Evident- clearly seen

 

250+ Most Important Idioms & Phrases

What are idioms and phrases ?

Idioms are expressions that mean something different from what the words actually say. For example, “I have a lot on my plate” means “I am very busy.” Phrases are just groups of words that make up an idiom. There are thousands of idiomatic expressions in English, and new ones are being created all the time. 

TIPS for solving Para Jumbles

1) Try to find out clues that will help us to locate qualifier

Clues include pronouns, like he, she, it, this, that, these, those; adverbs like formally, really; article a, an and, the; definers like actually, finally, another; connectors like but, yet, both, also and neither nor, or, however, nevertheless. These can help us to find out the qualifiers.

Now the question arises is what is the meaning of qualifier?

Qualifier is a sentence that will tell us something about the following sentence. The following sentence is the qualified sentence.

2) Locate a Qualifier

Now, with the help of clues, try to find out qualifier and qualified sentences, so that we can make pairs of qualified and qualifier sentences to eliminate the wrong choices given in the question.

3) Eliminate alternatives

After making pairs, start eliminating the wrong choices or options given in the question.

4) Read and try to follow the sequence

In case there is more than one choice, try to follow the sequence of sentences according to the occurrence of the events.

NOTE- Clues can be located with the help of grammatical rules. To solve Para Jumbles, it also requires command over the structure of the sentences and logical sequence of ideas behind sentences. So, you must read books and newspapers carefully and do constant practice.

EXAMPLE

Rearrange the following sentences:

Duryodhana was a wicked prince.

P – One day Bhima made Duryodhana fall from a tree from which Duryodhana was stealing fruits.

Q – He did not like that Pandavas should be loved and respected by the people of Hastinapur.

R – Duryodhana specially hated Bhima.

S – Among the Pandavas, Bhima was extraordinarily strong and powerful.

T – This enraged Duryodhana so much that he began think of removing Bhima from his way.

OPTIONS:

(a) PSQTR                                                                           (b) QTPRS

(c) QSRPT                                                                           (d) PSRQT

Explanation of Example:

To arrange the above example, firstly we have to find the clues that will help us to locate the qualifier. Here the clue is ‘he’ as it the pronoun used for Duryodhana. So this means Q is the qualifier of sentence 1 and our answer will begin with Q. So with this, we can eliminate options (a) and (d).

Now, we are left with two choices (b) and (c). We have to decide by the sequence that which sentence should come first.

The option (b) states that T will be the second sentence. Now read T sentence. It does not seem to be an independent sentence as it starts from ‘this’, representing something that has occurred before this sentence.

So the only option left is OPTION (c), which is the correct answer.

Question 1:

A) Such exclusion makes no sense. Electricity duty can be as high as 25-30% in a few states, but the average is about 8% levied on consumers.

B) — an important sector like electricity is to remain outside the GST regime for the foreseeable future. C) One glaring anomaly in the forthcoming rollout of the goods and services tax (GST) is that electricity duty remains outside its purview.

D) While scores of central and state taxes are to be done away with to usher in GST — so as to modernize the indirect tax regime, eschew cascading taxes on inputs, with set-offs provided for taxes already paid in the value chain

Options 

a) DCAB

b) ACBD

c) CDBA

d) BCDA

Question 2:

A) Further, the Finance Act of 1994, in section 66D, lists transmission and distribution (T&D) of electricity in the negative list of services.

B) Note that the GST Act defines ‘work contracts’ as services. And the power sector is essentially a mesh of contracts for engineering, procurement,

C) So, no input tax credit is possible for T&D activity either. Keeping electricity outside GST is not international practice.

D) Construction (EPC) to generate electricity, boost energy efficiency and shore up renewable power. Yet, input tax credit would not be available on EPC contracts, with electricity outside the GST regime.

Options 

a) ADCB

b) DCBA

c) ABDC

d) BDAC

Question 3:

A) The meet saw the US and the remaining six disagree on how to deal with globalization, differing on climate change, trade, migration, and on dealing with rule-breakers such as Russia, whom the G7 had sanctioned for annexing Crimea.

B)The first meet of the leading western powers after US President Donald Trump’s election, the G7’s Taormina summit, saw the collapse of the erstwhile ‘free world’ wrought during the cold war.

C) The differences are on expected lines. The Trump administration’s conviction that the US does much more for the world than it should was evident at the meet.

D) Russia will celebrate, but not as delightedly as China.

Options 

a) BDAC

b) ABCD

c) CADB

d) CABD

Question 4:

A) The consolidated gross fiscal deficit to the state GDP (GFD – GSDP) ratio in 2015-16 (RE) breached the 3 per cent ceiling of fiscal prudence for the first time since 2004-05, showing the worsening of state finances.

B) Data comes with a lag but a slippage is also expected in 2016-17. At a combined fiscal deficit of about 7 per cent, Centre and states put together, India’s fiscal deficit is large.

C) The consequences of fiscal imprudence — inflation, widening of the current account deficit and erosion of investor faith — will be adverse for the country.

D) The 2016-17 edition of the RBI’s study on state budgets has rightly warned states to claw back to the path of fiscal consolidation and lower their debt burden.

Options 

a) ACDB

b) DABC

c) ACBD

d) ADCB

Question 5:

A) The modus operandi — anonymous people deposited and swiftly transferred crores of rupees in the society’s accounts in the names of slum dwellers — reflects poor regulatory oversight.

B) Multi-state cooperative credit societies, which accept deposits only from, and give loans to, members, are regulated by the central registrar under the agriculture ministry.

C) A report in ET by Sugata Ghosh shows how income-tax sleuths have unearthed a case of large-scale money laundering through a multi-state urban cooperative credit society’s account

D) The civil servant in charge, typically a joint secretary-level officer, is ill-equipped and does not have the wherewithal to handle supervision.

Options 

a) ABCD

b) DCBA

c) CADB

d) CABD

 ANSWERS:

1) c) CDBA

‘C’ will be the first sentence after rearrangement as it introduces about the anomaly (something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.) i.e. electricity duty. Next sentence will be ‘D’ as the author expresses his doubts of modernization of indirect taxes on one hand and exclusion of an important sector on the other hand ,followed by the sentence A .

2) D) BDAC

‘B ‘will give a start to the paragraph , as it talks about mesh of contracts in the power sector and followed by D as it continues naming the contracts and stating no input credit tax .

‘A ‘gives supporting statement for ’D’ and’ C’ concludes the paragraph.

3) a) BDAC

B introduces the paragraph about the meeting of the G7 members after trump elected as president, AC link can be easily traced as it talks about differences on various parameters. D cannot come at the end or beginning it fits perfectly after B

4) b)DABC

D will be the first sentence as it talks about RBI warning states on fiscal prudence and debt burden , supported by the statement ‘A’ . BC link can be made as large fiscal imprudence leads to mentioned consequences in the ‘C’ sentence

5) d) CABD

C gives a start to the paragraph, A states the modus operandi people followed to money launder and shows how the civil servants are ill equipped to handle it.

Set 1

A.Quotas determine the size of contingency funds at the disposal of the IMF to lend to countries in need of help, as well as the power of individual countries to influence lending decisions and tap into the funds themselves.

B. Though developing countries hold less than half the overall quota at the moment, with their rapidly increasing economic heft they have demanded a greater share — with limited success.

C.Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has demanded reforms to the International Monetary Fund’s controversial quota system, shedding light on the problems facing the Bretton Woods institution in today’s global economy.

D. Else, he warned, the legitimacy and credibility of the IMF could be eroded.

E.In this context, speaking at the spring meetings of the IMF, Mr. Jaitley reiterated the need to reform the quota system further.

1. Which is the Fourth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c) B

d) D

e) C

2.Which is the First sentence after Rearrangement?

a) C

b) B

c) E

d) A

e) D

3.Which is the Fifth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) B

b) D

c) C

d) E

e) A

4.Which is the Second sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c) C

d) D

e) B

5.Which is the Third sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) C

c) E

d) B

e) D

Set 1: Order of Rearrangement -> C-A-B-E-D

Explanation:

Opening sentence is ‘C’ which tells about the demand that FM Arun Jaitley has put for quouta system in the International Monetary Fund. Then comes the sentence ‘A’ which explains the importance of quota system. Sentence ‘B’ follows ‘A’ which shows economic heft of developed countries for getting more quota in IMF. Sentence ‘E’ tells about the need to reform this quota system. Sentence ‘D’ concludes the sentence with a warning.

Set 2:

A.Narendra Modi is not the first Chief Minister to have gone on to become Prime Minister.

B.The Five Year Plans — the last one ended on March 31 — were relegated to history, to be replaced by a three-year action plan.

C.This was to be part of a seven-year strategy that would in turn help realise a 15-year long-term vision.

D.But given his well-known disdain for the erstwhile Planning Commission’s control-and-command approach towards States and his oft-repeated emphasis on ‘cooperative federalism’, there were great expectations from the successor organisation, the NITI Aayog.

E.When the Aayog’s Governing Council that includes the Prime Minister and all Chief Ministers met, it was hoped that the fine print as well as the big picture of the new planning approach. But it did’nt work out.

6.Which is the Fifth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c) B

d) D

e) C

7.Which is the Third sentence after Rearrangement?

a) C

b) B

c) E

d) A

e) D

8.Which is the First sentence after Rearrangement?

a) B

b) D

c) C

d) E

e) A

9.Which is the Second sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) E

c) C

d) D

e) B

10.Which is the Fourth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) C

c) E

d) B

e) D

Set 2: Order of Rearrangement -> A-D-B-C-E

Explanation:

Opening sentence is ‘A’ which introduces the topic of discussion of the above complete paragraph. Then comes the sentence ‘D’ which discusses the previous decisions of Narendra Modi on Planning Commission and expectations from the ‘NITI Aayog’. Sentence ‘B’ follows ‘D’ which tells about the five year plans related to planning commission and the new three action plan. Sentence ‘C’ tells the next step of these 3 year plans with 7 year strategy that would in turn help realise a 15-year long-term vision. Sentence ‘E’ concludes the paragraph with the outcome of NITI Aayog’s meeting. Don’t get confused with ‘E’ after ‘D’, as it would not satisfy the next sentences of the paragraph.

Directions: Read the following sentences and rearrange them into a coherent paragraph

Set 1

A.Nature as we know it is governed by four fundamental forces – electromagnetic, strong, weak and gravitational.

B. The LHCb experiment in CERN has shown a feeble but persistent sign of physics that contradicts a basic assumption of the Standard Model.

C.What is the Standard Model of particle physics?

D.One of the major programmes in physics is to unify these four forces and have one equation to describe everything – the theory of everything!

E.However, so far scientists have been able to devise a theory that only gives a unified description of the first three forces. This theory is called the Standard Model (SM).

1.Which is the Fourth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c) B

d) D

e) C

2.Which is the First sentence after Rearrangement?

a) C

b) B

c) E

d) A

e) D

3.Which is the Fifth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) B

b) D

c) C

d) E

e) A

4.Which is the Second sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c) C

d) D

e) B

5.Which is the Third sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) C

c) E

d) F

e) D

Set 2

A.The prospect that 2017 will be a good year boosts the prospects of enhanced agricultural output, healthy reservoir levels, more hydropower and reduced conflicts over water.

B.It will also test the efficacy of the expensive water management initiatives launched during 2014 and 2015 by the Centre and the State governments to harness rainfall and build resilience for future drought cycles.

C.The ‘normal’ monsoon forecast of the India Meteorological Department brings the promise of a year of growth and good health for India’s economy and ecology.

D. As the IMD’s experience shows, forecasting the all-India summer monsoon rainfall is fraught with uncertainties and has often gone off the mark.

E. If correct, India will have a second consecutive year of normal rainfall, after two years of

6.Which is the Fifth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c) B

d) D

e) C

7.Which is the Third sentence after Rearrangement?

a) C

b) B

c) E

d) A

e) D

8.Which is the First sentence after Rearrangement?

a) B

b) D

c) C

d) E

e) A

9.Which is the Second sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) E

c) C

d) D

e) B

10. Which is the Fourth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) C

c) E

d) B

e) D

Directions: Read the following sentences and rearrange them to a coherent paragraph

Set 1:

A.Hence, the term commonly used for land acquisition by the villagers is “loss of land.”

B.Not surprisingly then, acquisition of land is an important event in a farmer’s life and in the history of a village.

C. Losing one’s land implies losing an entire way of life. No wonder there is a tone of wretchedness when the term is used.

DFarmers have a layered and complex relationship with their land.

E. Strictly speaking, this phrase can be used only when absolutely no compensation has been paid.

F. More often than not, it means either partial or complete annihilation of the village—the village simply ceases to exist as land acquisition proceeds.

1.Which is the Fourth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c) B

d) D

e) F

2. Which is the First sentence after Rearrangement?

a) C

b) B

c) E

d) A

e) D

3.Which is the Fifth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) B

b) D

c) C

d) E

e) A

4.Which is the Second sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c) C

d) D

e) B

5.Which is the Third sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) C

c) E

d) F

e) D

Set 2:

A.Steadier prices would translate to higher operating profits and lower operating costs as companies would go through fewer waves of layoffs and subsequent re-hiring.

B.Perhaps most importantly, more stable R&D investments would result in greater oilfield productivity.

C. In contrast, ‘going long’ minimizes the cost throughout the supply chain, especially if combined with collaborative supply chain management activities.

D.The million dollar question then comes to the surface. What can oil companies and their equipment suppliers do?

E. Passing all risk to suppliers is a ‘win-lose’ strategy that only works well for buyers and then only when demand is decreasing because buyers can drive prices lower.

F.Smoothing volatility in demand and prices would result in steadier and more profitable capital expansion, which means a higher return on assets.

 6.Which is the Fifth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) E

b) A

c B

d) D

e) C

7.Which is the Third sentence after Rearrangement?

a) C

b) B

c) E

d) A

e) F

8.Which is the First sentence after Rearrangement?

a) B

b) D

c) C

d) E

e) A

9.Which is the Second sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) F

c) C

d) D

e) B

10. Which is the Fourth sentence after Rearrangement?

a) A

b) C

c) E

d) F

e) D

Phrases with Meaning 

1) A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush- Having something that is certain is much better than taking a risk for more, because chances are you might losing everything.

2) A blessing in disguise- Something good that isn’t recognized by first

3) Bull in china shop- One who causes damage

4) A chip on your shoulder- Being upset for something that happened in the past

5) A damp squib- Complete failure

6) A dime A dozen- Anything that is common and easy to get

7) A doubting Thomas- A skeptic who needs physical or personal evidence in order to believe something

8) A drop in the bucket- A very small part of something big or whole

9) A fool and his money are easily parted- It’s easy for a foolish person to lose his/ her money

10) A gentleman at large- An unreliable person

11) A green horn- Inexperienced

12) A house divided against itself cannot stand- Everyone involved must unify and function together or it will not work out.

13) A leopard can’t change his spots- You cannot change who you are

14) A lost cause- A hopeless case, a person or situation having no hope of positive change.

15) A man of straw- A weak person

16) A mare’s nest- A false invention

17) A penny saved is a penny earned- By not spending money, you are saving money (little by little)

18) A picture paints a thousand words- A visual presentation is far more descriptive than words

19) A piece of cake- A task that can be accomplished very easily

20) A slap on the wrist- A very mild punishment

21) A stalking horse- Pretense

22) A steal- Very inexpensive, a bargain

23) A taste of your own medicine- When you are mistreated the same way you mistreat others

24) A toss-up- A result hat is still unclear and can go either way

25) A wolf in sheep’s clothing- A dangerous person pretending harmless

26) ABC: Very common knowledge about to- Ready to, just going to

27) Above all- Mainly, especially

28) Above board- Fair and honest

29) According to- In the order of; on the authority of

30) Actions speak louder than words- It’s better to actually do something than hust talk about it

31) Add fuel to the fire- Whenever something is done to make a bad situation even worse than it is

32) Against the clock- Rushed and short on time

33) All (day, week, month, year) long- The entire day, week, month, year

34) All along- All the time, from the beginning (without change)

35) All and Sundry- Without making any distinction

36) All bark and no bite- When someone is threatening and/ or aggressive but not willing to engage in a fight

37) All Greek to me- Meaningless and incomprehensible like someone who cannot read, speak, or

38) All in all- Considering everything

39) All in the same boat- When everyone is facing the same challenges

40) All of a sudden- Suddenly, without warning (All at once)

41) all right- Acceptable, fine; yes, okay

42) Alpha and omega- First and last letter of Greek alphabet, means beginning and end

43) An arm and a leg- Very expensive, a large amount of money

44) An axe to grind- To have a dispute with someone

45) An eye wash- A pretense

46) An iron hand- By force

47) Apple to my eye- Someone who is cherished above all others

48) As a matter of fact- Really, actually (also: as to)

49) As for- Regarding, concerning (also: as to)

50) As high as a kite- Anything that is high up in the sky

51) as soon as- Just after, when

52) As usual- as is the general case, as is typical

53) At all- To any degree (also: in the least)

54) At heart- Basically, fundamentally

55) At last- Finally, after a long time

56) At least- A minimum of, no fewer (or less) than

57) At odds- In dispute

58) At sixes and seven- Persons who are having different opinions

59) At the drop of a hat- Willing to do something immediately

60) Back and call- At the service

61) Back and forth- In a backward and forward motion

62) Back seat driver- People who criticize from the sidelines, much like someone giving unwanted advice

63) Back to square one- Having to start all over again

64) Back to the drawing board- When an attempt fails and it’s time to start all over

65) Bag and baggage- with all goods

66) Baker’s dozen- Thirteen

67) Bank on- Depend on, count on

68) Barking up the wrong tree- A mistake made in something you are trying to achieve

69) Bated breath- In anxiety, expectancy

70) Beat a dead horse- To force an issue that has already ended

71) Beating around the bash- Avoiding the main topic, not speaking directly about the issue

72) Bend over backwards- Do whatever it takes to help. Willing to do anything

73) Between a Rock and a Hard place- Stuck between two very bad options

74) Between Scylla and Charybdis- Choice between two unpleasant alternatives

75) Between the cup and the lips- On the point of achievement

76) Bite off more than you can chew- To take on a task that is a way to big

77) Bite your tongue- To avoid talking

78) Black and white- In writing

79) Blood is thicker than water- The family bond is closer than anything else

80) Blow hot and cold- Having no stand, shows favour at one time and unfavour at another

81) Blue moon- A rare event or occurrence

82) Body and soul- Entirely

83) Break a leg- A superstitious way to say ‘Good Luck’ without saying ‘Good Luck’,

84) Buy a lemon- To purchase a vehicle that constantly gives problems or stops running after you drive it

85) By & by- Gradually

86) by all means- Certainly, definitely, naturally (also: of course); using any possible way or method

87) By far- By a great margin, clearly

88) By fits and starts- Irregularly

89) By heart- By memorizing

90) By hook or by crook- By any means

91) By leaps and bound- speedily

92) By oneself- Alone, without assistance

93) By the way- Incidentally

94) Call a spade a spade- Straight talks

95) Can’t cut the mustard- Someone who isn’t adequate enough to compete or participate

96) Cast iron stomach- Someone who has no problems, complications or ill effects with eating anything

97) Cats and bull story- Untrue story

98) Cats and dogs- Heavy rain

99) Charley horse- stiffness in the leg/ a leg cramp

100) Chew someone out- Verbally scold someone

101) Chip on his shoulder- Angry today about something that occurred in the past

102) Chow down- To eat

103) Clear- cut- Clearly stated, definite, apparent

104) Close but no cigar- To be near and almost accomplish a goal, but fall short

105) Close call- A situation involving a narrow escape from danger

106) Cock and bull story- An unbelievable tale, untrue story

107) come hell or high water- Any difficult situation or obstacle

108) Crack someone up- To make someone laugh

109) Cross your fingers- To hope that something happens the way you want it to

110) Cry wolf- Intentionally raise a false alarm

111) Cup of Joe- A cup of coffee

112) Curtain lecture- A reproof by wife to her husband

113) Cut and dried- Readymade form

114) Cut to the chase- Leave out all the unnecessary details and just get to the point

115) Dark horse- One who was previously unknown and is now prominent

116) Day in and day out- Continuously, constantly

117) Dead Ringer- 100 % identical, a duplicate

118) Devil’s advocate- Someone who takes a position for the sake of argument without believing in that

119) Dog days of summer- The hottest day of the summer season

120) don’t count your chickens before they hatch- Don’t rely on it until you sure of it

121) don’t look a gift horse in the month- When someone gives you a gift, don’t be ungrateful

122) don’t pull all your eggs in one basket- Do not pull all your resources in one possibility

123) Doozy- Something outstanding

124) down to the wire- Something that ends at the last minute or last few seconds

125) Drastic times call for drastic measures- When you are extremely desperate you need to take extremely desperate actions

126) drink like a fish- To drink very heavily, drinking anything

127) Dry run- Rehearsal

128) Egg on- To urge somebody

129) Eighty six- A certain item is no longer available. Or this idiom can also mean, to throw away

130) Elvis has left the building- The show has come to an end. It’s all over

131) Ethnic cleansing- Killing of a certain ethnic or religious group on a massive scale

132) Ever and anon- Now and then

133) every cloud has a silver lining- Be optimistic, even difficult times will lead to better days

134) every other (one) – Every second (one), alternate (ones)

135) everything but the kitchen sink- Almost everything and anything has been included

136) Excuse my French- Please forgive me for cussing

137) Fabian policy- Policy of delaying decisions

138) Face-to-face- Direct, personal; directly, personally (written without hyphens)

139) fair and wide- Equal opportunity to all

140) Far and wide- Every where

141) Few and far between- Not frequent, unusual, rare

142) Field day- An enjoyable day or circumstance

143) Fifty- fifty- Divided into two equal parts

144) Finding your feet- To become more comfortable in whatever you are doing

145) Finger licking good- To become more comfortable in whatever you are doing

146) Fire and brimstone- A very tasty food or meal

147) Fire and fury- Fearful penalties

148) First and foremost- Extreme enthusiasm

149) Fishy: doubtful- Highest priority

150) Fixed in your ways- Not willing or wanting to change from your normal way of doing something

151) Flash in the pan- Something that shows potential or looks promising in the beginning but fails to deliver

152) Flea market- A swap meet. A place where people gather to buy and sell inexpensive goods

153) Flesh and blood- This idiom can mean living material of which people are made of, or it can refer to human nature

154) flip the bird- To raise your middle finger at someone

155) Foam at the mouth- To be enraged and show it

156) Fools’ Gold- Iron pyrites, a worthless rock that resembles real gold

157) Foot the bill- Bear expenses

158) for good- Permanently, forever

159) For once- This one time, for only one time

160) For sure- Without doubt (also: for certain)

161) for the time being- Temporarily (also: for now)

162) Free and easy- Natural and simple

163) French kiss- An open mouth kiss where tongues touch

164) From now on- From this time into the future

165) from rags to riches- To go from very poor to being very wealthy

166) Fuddy- duddy- An old-fashioned and foolish type of person

167) Full monty- This idiom can mean either, “The whole thing” or “Completely nude”

168) Funny farm- A mental institutional facility

169) Gall and wormwood- Source of irritation

170) get down to brass tacks- To become serious about something

171) get over it- To move beyond something that is bothering you

172) get up on the wrong side of the bed- Someone who is having a horrible day

173) Get your walking papers- Get fired from the job

174) gird up the loin- To be ready

175) Give and take- Compromise, cooperation between people

176) give him the slip- To get away from, to escape

177) Give in- Surrender

178) go down like a lead balloon- To be received badly by an audience

179) go for broke- To gamble everything you have

180) go out on a limb- Put yourself in a tough position in order to support someone/ something

181) go the extra mile- Going above and beyond whatever is required for the task at hand

182) Good Samaritan- Someone who helps others when they are in need, with no discussion for

183) Graveyard shift- Working hours from about 12:00 am to 8.00

184) Great minds think alike- Intelligent people think like each other

185) Green room- The waiting room, especially for those who are about to go on a TV or radio show

186) gut feeling- A personal intuition you get, especially when something feel may not be right

187) had better- Should, ought to, be advisable to

188) Hand a gloves- Very intimate friends

189) Hard and fast- Certain

190) Hard of hearing- Partially deaf, not able to hear well

191) Haste makes waste- Quickly doing things results in a poor ending

192) Hat Trick- When one player scores three goals in the same hockey game.

193) Haughty and naughty- Arrogant and naughty

194) have an axe to grind- To have a dispute with someone

195) have got- To have, to possess

196) have got to- Must (also: have to)

197) He lost his head- Angry and overcome by emotions

198) Head and shoulder- Superior

199) Head over heels- Very excited and/ or joyful, especially when in love

200) Heart and soul- With full devotion

201) Hell in a hand basket- Deteriorating and headed for complete disaster

202) Helter Shelter-Here and there

203) Herculean task- A tedious job

204) High five- Slapping palms above each other’s heads as celebration gesture

205) High on the Hog- Living in luxury

206) hit below the belt- Contrary the principles of fairness

207) hit the books- To study, especially for a test or exam

208) Hit the hay- Go to bed or go to sleep

209) Hit the nail on the head- Do something exactly right or say something exactly right

210) Hit the sack- Go to bed or go to sleep

211) Hither and thither- Here and there

212) Hocus Pocus- In general, a term used in magic or trickery

213) Hold your horses- Be patient

214) Hole and corner policy- A secret policy for an evil purpose

215) Hornet’s nest- Raise controversy

216) Hue and cry- Great noise

217) Hush money- A bribe

218) Icing on the cake- When you already have it good and get something on top of what you already have

219) Idle hands are the devil’s tools- You are more likely to get in trouble if you have nothing to do

220) if it’s not one thing, it’s another- When one thing goes wrong, then another, and another…

221) Ill at ease- Uncomfortable or worried in a situation

222) in a hurry- Hurried, rushed (also: in a rush)

223) in case- In order to be prepared if the meaning is in order to be prepared if something happens

224) In hand- Under firm control, well managed

225) In like Flynn- To be easily successful, especially when sexual or romantic

226) in no time- Very quickly, rapidly

227) in the bag- To have something secured

228) in the buff- Nude

229) in the heat of the moment- Overwhelmed by what is happening in the moment

230) In the long run- Eventually, after a long period of time

231) In the worst way- Very much, greatly

232) in time to- Before the time necessary to do something

233) in touch- Having contact

234) in vain- Useless, without the desired result

235) in your face- An aggressive and bold confrontation

236) Ins and outs- Full detail

237) Inside out- With the inside facing the outside

238) Intents and purposes- Practically

239) It figures- It seems likely, reasonable, or typical

240) it takes two to tango- A two person conflict where both people are at fault

241) it’s a small world- You frequently see the same people in different places

242) It anyone’s call- A competition where the outcome is difficult to judge or predict

243) Ivory tower- Imaginary world

244) Ivy League- Since 1954 the Ivy League has been the following universities: Columbia, Brown, and Cornell

245) Jaywalk- Crossing the street (from the middle) without using the crosswalk

246) Joshing me- Tricking me

247) keep an eye on him- You should carefully watch him. Keep an eye on

248) Keep body and soul together- To earn a sufficient amount of money in order to keep yourself alive

249) keep your chin up- To remain joyful in a tough situation

250) kick the bucket- Die

251) Kith and kin- Blood relatives

252) Kitty-corner- Diagonally across. Sometimes called Catty- Corner as well

253) knock on Wood- Knuckle tapping on wood in order to avoid some bad luck

254) know the ropes- To understand the details

255) last but not least- An introduction phrase to let the audience know that the last person mentioned is also very important

256) Last straw- The final event in a series of unacceptable actions

257) Latin and Greek- Unable to understand

258) leave no stone unturned- Make all possible efforts

259) lend me your ear- To politely ask for someone’s full attention

260) Length and breadth- All over

261) Let along- and certainly not (also: not to mention, to say nothing of)

262) Let the cat out of the bag- To share a secret that wasn’t supposed to be shared

263) Level playing field- A fair competition where no side has an advantage

264) Life and soul- Main support

265) Like a chicken and its head cut off- To act in a frenzied manner

266) Liquor someone up- To get someone drunk

267) Little by little- Gradually, slowly (also: step by step)

268) Live-wire- Energetic

269) Loaves and fish- Material interests

270) Lock and key- In safe place

271) Long in the tooth- Old people (or horses)

272) Loose cannon- Someone who is unpredictable and can cause damage if not kept in check

273) make no bones about- To state a fact so there are no doubts or objections

274) Method to my madness- Strange or crazy actions that appear meaningless but in the end are done for a good reason

275) Might and main- With all enthusiasm

276) Milk and water- Weak

277) More or less- Approximately, almost, somewhat, to a certain degree

278) Mumbo Jumbo- Nonsense or meaningless speech

280) Mum’s the word- To keep quiet, to say nothing

280) Narrow-minded- Not willing to accept the ideas of others